function tonum(v, base)
    return tonumber(v, base) or 0
end

function toint(v)
    return math.round(tonum(v))
end

function tobool(v)
    return (v ~= nil and v ~= false)
end

function totable(v)
    if type(v) ~= "table" then v = {} end
    return v
end

function isset(arr, key)
    local t = type(arr)
    return (t == "table" or t == "userdata") and arr[key] ~= nil
end

-- 由于C++对象也是table，但是我们不希望这个table被深度拷贝，所以需要额外处理
local istable;
if tolua.isnative then
	istable = function(obj)return type(obj) == "table" and not tolua.isnative(obj);end
else
	istable = function(obj)return type(obj) == "table";end
end

function clone(object)
    local lookup_table = {}
    local function _copy(object)
        if not istable(object) then
            return object
        elseif lookup_table[object] then
            return lookup_table[object]
        end
        local new_table = {}
        lookup_table[object] = new_table
        for key, value in pairs(object) do
            new_table[_copy(key)] = _copy(value)
        end
        return setmetatable(new_table, getmetatable(object))
    end
    return _copy(object)
end

--Create an class.
function class(classname, super)
    local superType = type(super)
    local cls

    if superType ~= "function" and superType ~= "table" then
        superType = nil
        super = nil
    end

    if superType == "function" or (super and super.__ctype == 1) then
        -- inherited from native C++ Object
        cls = {}

        if superType == "table" then
            -- copy fields from super
            for k,v in pairs(super) do cls[k] = v end
            cls.__create = super.__create
            cls.super    = super
        else
            cls.__create = super
        end

        cls.ctor    = function() end
        cls.__cname = classname
        cls.__ctype = 1

        function cls:new(...)
            local instance = cls.__create(...)
            -- copy fields from class to native object
            for k,v in pairs(cls) do instance[k] = v end
            instance.class = cls
            instance:ctor(...)
            return instance
        end

    else
        -- inherited from Lua Object
        if super then
            cls = clone(super)
            cls.super = super
        else
            cls = {ctor = function() end}
        end

        cls.__cname = classname
        cls.__ctype = 2 -- lua
        cls.__index = cls

        function cls:new(...)
            local instance = setmetatable({}, cls)
            instance.class = cls
            instance:ctor(...)
            return instance
        end
    end

    return cls
end

function schedule(node, callback, delay)
    local delay = cc.DelayTime:create(delay)
    local sequence = cc.Sequence:create(delay, cc.CallFunc:create(callback))
    local action = cc.RepeatForever:create(sequence)
    node:runAction(action)
    return action
end

function performWithDelay(node, callback, delay)
    local delay = cc.DelayTime:create(delay)
    local sequence = cc.Sequence:create(delay, cc.CallFunc:create(callback))
    node:runAction(sequence)
    return sequence
end



function iskindof(obj, className)
    local t = type(obj)

    if t == "table" then
        local mt = getmetatable(obj)
        while mt and mt.__index do
            if mt.__index.__cname == className then
                return true
            end
            mt = mt.super
        end
        return false

    elseif t == "userdata" then

    else
        return false
    end
end

function import(moduleName, currentModuleName)
    local currentModuleNameParts
    local moduleFullName = moduleName
    local offset = 1

    while true do
        if string.byte(moduleName, offset) ~= 46 then -- .
            moduleFullName = string.sub(moduleName, offset)
            if currentModuleNameParts and #currentModuleNameParts > 0 then
                moduleFullName = table.concat(currentModuleNameParts, ".") .. "." .. moduleFullName
            end
            break
        end
        offset = offset + 1

        if not currentModuleNameParts then
            if not currentModuleName then
                local n,v = debug.getlocal(3, 1)
                currentModuleName = v
            end

            currentModuleNameParts = string.split(currentModuleName, ".")
        end
        table.remove(currentModuleNameParts, #currentModuleNameParts)
    end

    return require(moduleFullName)
end

function handler(target, method)
    assert(method);
    return function(...)
        return method(target, ...)
    end
end	

-- 弹出一个MessageBox
-- message 显示的消息，可选参数
-- title 标题，可选参数
-- callback 回调，可选参数
function alert(title , message , callback)
	message = message or "提示信息";
	title = title or "信息";
	app.device.showAlert(message , title , callback);
end	


-- 把十六进制转换成字符串
function hex2bin( hexstr )
	local s = string.gsub(hexstr, "(.)(.)%s", function ( h, l )
		 return string.char(h2b[h]*16+h2b[l])
	end)
	return s
end

-- 把字符串转换成十六进制
function bin2hex(s)
	s=string.gsub(s,"(.)",function (x) return string.format("%02X ",string.byte(x)) end)
	return s
end